Pharmacist-Led Interventions in Chronic Disease Management: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases are chronic diseases that are still significant public health challenges worldwide. We can leverage the pharmacist as an accessible and well-trained professional to optimize management of these conditions by offering effective and patient-focused interventions. Background This systematic review intends to compare the efficiency of the clinical outcome and medication adherence or quality of life between patients with chronic diseases who received pharmacist-led interventions compared to those who did not receive pharmacist-led interventions. An extensive bibliographic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify papers published and indexed between 2000 and 2025. The studies included evaluated pharmacist-led services including medication therapy management, patient education, lifestyle counseling, and collaborative care models. Nevertheless, results steadfastly show that clinical parameters (HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipid parameters), medication adherence, and hospital readmissions are consistently improved with pharmacist-driven interventions. Further, such interventionsresult in improved patient satisfaction and ability of patients to self-manage. However, substantial heterogeneity in study designs, intervention strategies continues to highlight the essential contribution of pharmacists in chronic disease management. Further research is needed to combine these innovative approaches with longitudinal impact and cost-effectiveness analyses, and to facilitate the incorporation of digital health tools into pharmacist-led care models.