Electricity Generation & Power Distribution on Moon & Mars

Abstract

Energy systems that are dependable and efficient are essential as interest in sustaining human presence and exploration on these celestial bodies grows. The study examines several energy-generating techniques, such as nuclear power, solar power, and possibly ground-breaking technologies like regenerative fuel cells. Problems unique to each environment are covered, including radiation exposure and dust buildup on solar panels, along with possible solutions. Space engineers work on satellites, the exploration system, and the conceptual design of space habitats for interplanetary missions. In those missions, the state of the art depends on solar panels connected to batteries for power storage or radioisotope thermoelectric generators, both of which have drawbacks. For example, the efficiency of the solar panel's energy collection decreases when a spaceship moves away from the Sun. Moreover, the performance of solar arrays is negatively impacted by the unpredictable degradation of individual solar cells at temperatures below -100°C. In order to support crew members and make use of in-situ resources, future human exploration missions to the moon and Mars will need a new generation of power sources. Long-term human missions to the lunar and Martian surface are probably going to involve pressurized rovers, large-scale landers, crew homes, and in-situ propellant manufacturing plants.