Paramedics on the Frontline: A Review of Best Practices in Emergency Medical Services and Patient Care

Abstract

Without paramedics, our emergency medical services (EMS) system would suffer greatly. Parameds deliver life-saving, immediate pre-hospital care to patients experiencing a life-threatening emergency. This review identifies evidence-based best practices as they relate to clinical protocols, technology, mental health, and training programs that improve effectiveness of EMS and patient care. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, government reports and professional guidelines was undertaken to explore contemporary issues, measured efficacious, interventions and emerging trends in paramedicine. The most notable innovations for BLS and ALS-related interventions include the concept of rapid assessment and triage strategies, high-performance CPR, airway management, trauma response innovations and telemedicine integration into EMS operations. It also reviews paramedic-mental health issues associated with high-work stress environments, and need for resilience training, peer support programs and workplace wellness programs, as well. Although great strides have been made, challenges including workforce shortages, lack of resources, and variability in EMS protocols by geographical area still exist. By standardizing training and improving policies, as well as expanding roles for community paramedicine, many of these challenges can be met, yielding better quality, more efficient, and improved access to emergency medical services. The findings of this review highlight how the practice of paramedicine is changing, and the ongoing innovation, research and policy work required to support paramedics in their life-saving work.